S?a IC ngu?n Macbook chi ti?t nh?t

S?a IC ngu?n Macbook chi ti?t nh?t: Ph?n T?ch M?ch Ngu?n PPBUS_G3H, Chip S?c ISL9240, Controller CD3217 & K? Thu?t ??ng Chip BGA Chu?n Ph?ng Lab VietITPro

Ch?o b?n, t?i l? K? S? Ph?n C?ng Tr??ng t?i Ph?ng Lab Ph?n T?ch & Ph?c H?i Vi M?ch VietITPro. Trong l?nh v?c s?a ch?a ph?n c?ng cao c?p c?a Apple, pan b?nh m?t ngu?n, ch?p ngu?n ho?c l?i IC qu?n l? n?ng l??ng (Power Management IC - PMIC) tr?n MacBook lu?n l? th? th?ch k? thu?t ph?c t?p nh?t. M?t chi?c MacBook Pro hay MacBook Air c?m s?c kh?ng b?o ??n, ?n d?ng 5V/0.00A ho?c n?ng r?c bo m?ch c? th? xu?t ph?t t? h?ng tr?m nguy?n nh?n vi m?: t? h?ng chip ?i?u khi?n c?ng Type-C CD3215/CD3217, ch?p t? g?m tr?n ???ng ngu?n ch?nh PPBUS_G3H, ch?t IC s?c ISL9239/ISL9240, cho ??n l?i ph?n lu?ng Buck Converter d?i ?p v?o CPU.

T?i VietITPro, ch?ng t?i kh?ng bao gi? "s?a m?" hay kh? h?n v? c?n c?. M?i ca b?nh ??u ???c ch?n ?o?n theo s? ?? nguy?n l? m?ch (Schematics & Boardview) ch?nh h?ng, ?o ??c tr? kh?ng cu?n c?m theo ch? ?? Diode Mode, soi camera nhi?t h?ng ngo?i v? x? l? ??ng chip BGA d??i k?nh hi?n vi quang h?c ?? ph?ng ??i l?n. B?i vi?t n?y t?i s? chia s? to?n b? ki?n th?c k? thu?t th?c chi?n v? h? th?ng ph?n ph?i ngu?n ?i?n c?a MacBook.

1. Ki?n Tr?c C?y Ngu?n (Power Distribution Tree) Tr?n Bo M?ch Ch? MacBook

Bo m?ch ch? MacBook (t? Intel T2 ??n Apple Silicon M1, M2, M3, M4) v?n h?nh d?a tr?n m?t c?u tr?c c?y ngu?n ph?n t?ng c?c k? nghi?m ng?t. Ngu?n ?i?n kh?ng ?i th?ng t? c? s?c v?o linh ki?n m? ph?i tr?i qua nhi?u t?ng bi?n ??i ?p v? ki?m tra logic an to?n.

+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------+
|                     S? ?? C?Y NGU?N MACBOOK TYPE-C / MAGSAFE 3               |
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------+
   C?ng S?c Type-C / MagSafe 3 (C?p ?p ban ??u 5V)
         |
         v
   [Chip CD3215 / CD3217 / TPS65988] <---> Giao ti?p USB-PD Controller
         | (??m ph?n th?nh c?ng -> N?ng ?p l?n 20V / 28V)
         v
   ???ng ngu?n ??u v?o: PPDCIN_G3H (20.0V)
         |
         v
   [IC S?c ISL9239 / ISL9240 / ISL9241] + [Cu?n c?m Buck-Boost L]
         |
         +-----------------------------> ???ng ngu?n ch?nh: PPBUS_G3H (12.6V / 13.1V)
         |                                     |
         v                                     +---> [M?ch Buck PP3V3_G3H] -> C?p ngu?n SMC/T2/PMU
   [Kh?i Pin Lithium-ion]                      |
   (S?c / X? t? ??ng)                          +---> [M?ch Buck PP5V_S5 / PP3V3_S5]
                                               |
                                               +---> [M?ch Buck VRM L?i CPU/GPU: 0.7V - 1.05V]

1.1. ???ng Ngu?n Ch?nh PPBUS_G3H: "X??ng S?ng" N?ng L??ng C?a To?n B? M?y

• Kh?i ni?m: PPBUS_G3H (Power Primary Bus Generated 3 High) l? ???ng ?i?n ?p ch?nh nu?i to?n b? c?c m?ch h? ?p th? c?p tr?n bo m?ch ch?.
• Gi? tr? ?i?n ?p chu?n:
• Tr?n c?c d?ng MacBook Intel & MacBook Air M1/M2: 12.6V (khi kh?ng pin) ho?c t? 11.1V - 12.6V (khi c? pin).
• Tr?n c?c d?ng MacBook Pro 16" Intel v? MacBook Pro 14"/16" M-Series: 13.1V.
• Quy t?c ch?n ?o?n: N?u ???ng PPBUS_G3H b? m?t ?p (0V) ho?c b? s?t ?p (ch? c?n 1.2V - 3.8V), to?n b? c?c IC ngu?n ph? v? vi x? l? s? b? kh?a ho?n to?n.

1.2. ???ng Ngu?n Ph? C?p Tr??c PP3V3_G3H

• ?i?n ?p chu?n: 3.3V.
• Vai tr?: Cung c?p n?ng l??ng cho chip ?i?u khi?n h? th?ng (SMC tr?n m?y Intel, chip b?o m?t Apple T2, ho?c Power Management Unit PMU tr?n Apple Silicon), chip BIOS SPI ROM v? c?c c?ng logic k?ch ngu?n. N?u m?t PP3V3_G3H, m?y ho?n to?n m?t t?n hi?u nh?n di?n s?c v? kh?ng th? k?ch ngu?n.

2. Ph?n T?ch C?m Chip ?i?u Khi?n S?c & Giao Ti?p Type-C: CD3215, CD3217 & ISL9240

Ph?n l?n c?c s? c? "c?m s?c kh?ng b?o g?" tr?n MacBook ??i m?i ??u b?t ngu?n t? c?m giao ti?p c?ng Type-C (Thunderbolt Controller).

+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
|                  C?C D?NG IC NGU?N & CONTROLLER PH? BI?N TR?N MACBOOK                   |
+---------------------+-----------------------+-------------------------------------------+
| T?n Linh Ki?n       | V? tr? / M? linh ki?n | Ch?c n?ng k? thu?t c?t l?i                |
+---------------------+-----------------------+-------------------------------------------+
| CD3215 / CD3217     | U3100, U3200, UB300   | USB-C Power Delivery Controller (5V->20V) |
| ISL9239 / ISL9240   | U7000 (Intersil)      | Buck-Boost Battery Charger / T?o PPBUS    |
| TPS65988            | Texas Instruments     | Dual Port USB-C Controller th? h? m?i     |
| Apple PMU (M-chip)  | APL109X / 338S00780   | Qu?n l? ph?n ph?i ngu?n ?a k?nh SoC       |
+---------------------+-----------------------+-------------------------------------------+

2.1. Hi?n t??ng "K?t ngu?n 5V/0.00A" ho?c "5V/0.05A" do l?i CD3215 / CD3217

• Khi b?n c?m c? s?c 61W/87W/96W/140W v?o MacBook, c? s?c ban ??u ch? c?p ra ?i?n ?p an to?n 5V.
• Chip ?i?u khi?n c?ng Type-C (CD3215 ho?c CD3217) t?i c?ng ?? s? th?c d?y, t? k?ch ho?t 2 ngu?n n?i t?i LDO (Low Dropout): PP1V1_UPC_LDO (1.1V) v? PP3V3_UPC_LDO (3.3V).
• Sau ??, chip n?y g?i g?i tin k? thu?t s? qua ???ng giao ti?p CC1 / CC2 (Configuration Channel) ??n c? s?c theo chu?n USB Power Delivery: "T?i l? MacBook, h?y n?ng ?i?n ?p l?n 20V (ho?c 28V ??i v?i chu?n EPR 140W)".
• Pan b?nh th?c t?: C?c chip CD3215 ???c m?c n?i ti?p theo c?u tr?c Master-Slave (th??ng c? 2 ho?c 4 chip t??ng ?ng v?i 2 ho?c 4 c?ng Type-C). N?u ch? 1 trong 4 chip b? n?t ch?n ch?, r? r? ho?c ch?p ngu?n n?i b? LDO 1.1V, to?n b? v?ng l?p giao ti?p b? treo. H?u qu? l? m?y b? k?t c?ng ? m?c 5V v? ?n d?ng 0.00A ho?c 0.05A, kh?ng th? chuy?n ??i l?n 20V ?? s?c pin hay m? ngu?n.

2.2. IC S?c ISL9239 / ISL9240: Tr?i Tim Chuy?n ??i Buck-Boost

• Nh?n ?i?n ?p 20V t? PPDCIN_G3H v? ?i?u khi?n 4 MOSFET c?ng su?t ngo?i (Q7030, Q7040, Q7065, Q7070) ?? b?m xung ?i?n t?, t?o ra ?i?n ?p PPBUS_G3H 12.6V ho?c s?c d?ng cao v?o kh?i pin.
• N?u ISL9240 b? h?ng ch?n giao ti?p SMBUS_SMC_5_G3H_SCL / SDA k?t n?i v?i chip T2/SMC, n? s? r?i v?o tr?ng th?i Safe-Mode v? ch? xu?t ra ?i?n ?p c?p c?u ~12.2V nh?ng kh?ng m? d?ng t?i, m?y s? kh?ng th? kh?i ??ng.

3. M?ch Chuy?n ??i DC-DC Buck Converter & R?i Ro Th?ng High-Side MOSFET

M?t trong nh?ng nguy c? kinh ho?ng nh?t ??i v?i k? s? ph?n c?ng khi s?a m?ch ngu?n l? hi?n t??ng High-Side MOSFET b? ??nh th?ng.

???ng ngu?n ch?nh PPBUS_G3H (12.6V)
         |
         +-----> [High-Side MOSFET (Chuy?n m?ch xung)]
                     |
                     +---> [?i?m giao c?t xung PWM: Phase Node] ---> [Cu?n c?m L] ---> Ngu?n CPU (0.9V)
                     |                                                                  |
         +-----> [Low-Side MOSFET (X? d?ng mass)]                                    [T? l?c g?m]
         |           |                                                                  |
        GND         GND                                                                GND

• Nguy?n l?: M?ch Buck Converter bi?n ??i ?i?n ?p cao PPBUS_G3H (12.6V) th?nh ?i?n ?p si?u th?p nh?ng d?ng c?c l?n (0.7V - 1.05V, c??ng ?? d?ng ?i?n l?n t?i 40A - 80A) ?? c?p cho c?c nh?n CPU Core v? GPU Clusters.
• R?i ro k? thu?t: High-Side MOSFET ph?i ??ng ng?t h?ng tr?m ng?n l?n m?i gi?y (t?n s? 300kHz - 1MHz). Khi linh ki?n n?y b? gi? c?i ho?c qu? nhi?t do b?i b?n, m?i n?i P-N b?n trong b? ??nh th?ng ho?n to?n (Short Circuit gi?a c?c Drain v? Source).
• H?u qu?: ?i?n ?p 12.6V c?a PPBUS_G3H x?c th?ng tr?c ti?p qua cu?n c?m v? d?i th?ng v?o l?i vi x? l? SoC (v?n ch? ch?u ???c t?i ?a 1.2V). Tinh th? silicon b?n trong CPU b? thi?u r?i ch? trong v?i micro gi?y, g?y ch?t v?nh vi?n chip vi x? l?.

4. K? Thu?t ?o Tr? Kh?ng (Diode Mode) & B?m ?p Nhi?t H?c (Voltage Injection)

?? tr?nh l?m ch?t CPU khi s?a ngu?n, k? s? VietITPro lu?n tu?n th? nguy?n t?c ?o ki?m c?ch ly nghi?m ng?t tr??c khi c?p b?t k? ngu?n ?i?n n?o v?o bo m?ch.

+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
|                  B?NG TRA C?U TR? KH?NG CHU?N DIODE MODE TR?N BO M?CH MACBOOK           |
+----------------------+--------------------+--------------------+------------------------+
| T?n ???ng Ngu?n      | Tr? kh?ng Diode    | Tr? kh?ng Ohm (?)  | ??nh gi? k? thu?t      |
+----------------------+--------------------+--------------------+------------------------+
| PPBUS_G3H            | 0.400V - 0.520V    | > 100 k?           | N?u < 0.010V: Ch?p t?i |
| PP3V3_G3H            | 0.350V - 0.450V    | > 50 k?            | N?u < 0.050V: Ch?p PMU |
| PP1V8_S3 (RAM Power) | 0.250V - 0.350V    | 500? - 2 k?        | B?nh th??ng            |
| PPVDD_CPU_AWAKE (SoC)| 0.005V - 0.025V    | 1.5? - 5.0?        | Tr? kh?ng th?p t? nhi?n|
+----------------------+--------------------+--------------------+------------------------+

4.1. K? Thu?t ?o Diode Mode B?ng ??ng H? V?n N?ng Fluke

• K? s? chuy?n ??ng h? v? thang ?o Diode: Que ?? ti?p Mass (GND v? ??ng bo m?ch), que ?EN ch?m v?o t?ng ??u cu?n c?m L v? t? g?m l?c ngu?n.
• L?u ? chuy?n m?n: Nhi?u th? thi?u kinh nghi?m khi ?o cu?n c?m ngu?n CPU th?y ??ng h? k?u "B?p" v? hi?n th? 2Ω li?n k?t lu?n l? "ch?p CPU". Th?c t?, c?c nh?n x? l? c?a Apple Silicon v? Intel ho?t ??ng ? ?i?n ?p d??i 1V d?ng cao n?n n?i tr? t? nhi?n c?a ch?ng r?t th?p ($1.2Ω - 4.5Ω$). ?i?m ph?n bi?t ch?p th?c s? l? khi tr? kh?ng r?t v? 0.000Ω v? que ?o Diode hi?n th? 0.000V.

4.2. K? Thu?t B?m D?ng (Voltage Injection) B?ng Camera Nhi?t H?ng Ngo?i

• Khi ph?t hi?n ???ng PPBUS_G3H b? ch?m mass ho?n to?n (0Ω):
• K? s? t?ch r?i kh?i pin v? c?ch ly c?p m?n h?nh, c?p trackpad.
• S? d?ng b? ngu?n k? thu?t s? DC Precision Power Supply, ??t m?c ?p 1.0V (?? ??m b?o d? c? th?ng High-side MOSFET c?ng kh?ng l?m ch?y CPU) v? gi?i h?n d?ng ?i?n ? m?c 2.0A - 3.0A.
• B?m ?i?n c?c d??ng v?o ???ng PPBUS_G3H, c?c ?m k?p mass chassis.
• Quan s?t bo m?ch qua ?ng k?nh Camera Nhi?t H?ng Ngo?i (Flir / Seek Thermal Resolution cao). T? g?m MLCC ho?c IC driver b? n?t r? s?t b?n trong s? l?p t?c h?p th? d?ng ?i?n v? ph?t nhi?t c?c b? l?n t?i 75?C - 110?C, hi?n th? ?i?m s?ng r?c r? tr?n m?n h?nh ph?n t?ch nhi?t.
• K? s? g?p b? t? ch?m, ?o l?i tr? kh?ng Diode mode kh?i ph?c v? 0.450V m?i ti?n h?nh c?p ngu?n th?t.

5. K? Thu?t Kh? H?n IC Ngu?n BGA / QFN D??i K?nh Hi?n Vi Quang H?c

Vi?c thay th? IC ngu?n tr?n bo m?ch ch? MacBook ??i h?i tay ngh? vi ph?u ph?n c?ng ??t ?? ch?nh x?c ??n t?ng micromet.

+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
|               QUY TR?NH THAY TH? IC NGU?N BGA CHU?N PH?NG LAB VIETITPRO            |
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| [B??c 1] Gia nhi?t ??y bo m?ch (Pre-heater 150?C) ch?ng cong v?nh PCB             |
|       v                                                                            |
| [B??c 2] B?i m? h?n tr? dung Amtech NC-559-V2-TF & B?c gi?y b?c c?ch nhi?t chip l?n c?n|
|       v                                                                            |
| [B??c 3] Kh? nhi?t 360?C - 380?C nh?c IC ngu?n h?ng b?ng nh?p Titanium vi ph?u    |
|       v                                                                            |
| [B??c 4] D?n s?ch ch? c? tr?n Pad m?ch b?ng b?c h?t Goot Wick m? ch?t tr? h?n      |
|       v                                                                            |
| [B??c 5] ?? ch?n ch? vi m? (Reballing) cho IC m?i b?ng l??i Stencil chuy?n d?ng    |
|       v                                                                            |
| [B??c 6] C?n ch?nh footprint d??i k?nh hi?n vi & ??ng chip b?ng nhi?t gi? xo?y    |
|       v                                                                            |
| [B??c 7] T?y r?a s?ch s? t?n d? flux b?ng dung d?ch chuy?n d?ng & ?o ki?m tr? kh?ng|
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+

• Ch?ng s?c nhi?t bo m?ch: Bo m?ch ch? MacBook nhi?u l?p (10-12 layers PCB) ch?a c?c ???ng m?ch vi m? ch?y ng?m. Tuy?t ??i kh?ng kh? nhi?t c?c b? t? m?t tr?n khi ch?a d?ng m?m nhi?t ??y (Pre-heater 150?C), v? s? g?y ph?ng r?p (Delamination) n? ??t m?ch in ng?m.
• Bi ch? h?n ch?t l??ng cao: S? d?ng bi ch? h?p kim Sn63Pb37 (nhi?t ?? n?ng ch?y 183?C) ho?c ch? kh?ng ch? cao c?p SAC305 ?? ??m b?o m?i h?n s?ng b?ng, ch?u ???c rung ??ng c? h?c v? kh?ng b? oxy h?a n?t ch?n sau th?i gian d?i s? d?ng.

6. Kh?i Ph?c Firmware Chip B?o M?t Apple T2 / DFU Mode Sau Khi S?a Ngu?n

Tr?n c?c d?ng MacBook t? 2018 tr? ?i (s? d?ng chip b?o m?t Apple T2 ho?c to?n b? d?ng chip Apple Silicon M1/M2/M3/M4), sau khi ph?c h?i ??y ?? ?i?n ?p ph?n c?ng (PPBUS_G3H 12.6V, PPDCIN_G3H 20V, PP3V3_G3H 3.3V), chi?c MacBook v?n c? th? kh?ng xu?t h?nh v? qu?t kh?ng quay do firmware BridgeOS b? l?i (Corrupted Firmware) khi m?t ngu?n ??t ng?t.

+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
|                    QUY TR?NH C?U D? LI?U & N?P FIRMWARE DFU MODE                   |
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| [MacBook S?a Ngu?n] <==== C?p Thunderbolt C-to-C ====> [M?y Mac C?u H? Lab]        |
| (C?ng DFU Master)                                      (Ch?y Apple Configurator 2)  |
|         |                                                           |              |
|         +-----------> Gi? t? h?p ph?m DFU ??c th? -----------------> Nh?n di?n DFU  |
|                                                                     |              |
|                                         +---------------------------+              |
|                                         |                                          |
|                                         v                                          v
|                          [L?nh 1: REVIVE DEVICE]                    [L?nh 2: RESTORE DEVICE]|
|                          (Kh?i ph?c BridgeOS T2/M-chip)             (N?p s?ch OS & BridgeOS)|
|                          ==> GI? NGUY?N 100% D? LI?U                ==> X?a tr?ng ? c?ng   |
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+

• Quy tr?nh Revive an to?n: K? s? k?t n?i MacBook qua c?ng Type-C chuy?n d?ng sang m?y tr?m h? tr? t?i Lab, m? ph?n m?m Apple Configurator 2, ??a m?y v? tr?ng th?i DFU (Device Firmware Update) b?ng t? h?p ph?m ph?n c?ng. K? s? ch?n l?nh "Revive Device" ?? n?p l?i ph?n v?ng ?i?u khi?n ngu?n v? kh?a b?o m?t Secure Enclave m? kh?ng l?m m?t b?t k? d? li?u c? nh?n n?o tr?n ? c?ng SSD c?a kh?ch h?ng.

7. L?i Khuy?n T? K? S? Tr??ng VietITPro Khi MacBook M?t Ngu?n

Khi chi?c MacBook c?a b?n ??t ng?t s?p ngu?n ho?c kh?ng nh?n s?c:

• R?t s?c ngay l?p t?c: Tuy?t ??i kh?ng c?m s?c ng?m li?n t?c nhi?u gi? ho?c th? ??i nhi?u c? s?c c?ng su?t l?n v?i hy v?ng m?y "t? l?n". N?u bo m?ch ?ang b? ch?p t?, vi?c ng?m ?i?n 20V s? l?m nung ch?y ???ng m?ch ??ng v? ??nh th?ng c?c IC ngu?n l?n c?n.
• Kh?ng t? ? c?y m? khi kh?ng c? ?? ngh? ESD: T?nh ?i?n t? b?n tay ho?c ??u tua v?t ch?m sai ch?n socket pin c? th? ph? h?y ho?n to?n chip b?o m?t T2 ho?c PMIC.
• Mang m?y ??n ph?ng Lab chuy?n s?u: N?i c? ??y ?? trang thi?t b? ?o ??c, s? ?? Boardview ch?nh x?c v? k? thu?t vi?n tay ngh? vi ph?u ?? ??m b?o chi?c m?y ???c c?u s?ng tr?n v?n v?i chi ph? t?i ?u nh?t.