Thay pin Apple Watch Series SE 2023

Thay Pin Apple Watch Series SE 2023: Ph?n T?ch Kh?i Pin Lithium-ion A2914/A2915, M?ch Qu?n L? BMS, Hi?n T??ng S?t ?p Khi B?t GPS & K? Thu?t B?c T?ch An To?n Chu?n Ph?ng Lab VietITPro

Ch?o b?n, t?i l? K? S? Ph?n C?ng Tr??ng t?i Ph?ng Lab Ph?n T?ch Ngu?n & N?ng L??ng VietITPro. Tr?n chi?c Apple Watch Series SE 2023 (SE 2nd Gen), kh?i pin Lithium-ion Polymer kh?ng ??n thu?n l? m?t vi?n pin c?p ngu?n m? l? m?t h? th?ng n?ng l??ng vi c? ?i?n t? th?ng minh, ???c qu?n l? ch?t ch? b?i vi x? l? Apple S8 SiP (System-in-Package) th?ng qua m?ch giao ti?p BMS (Battery Management System).

V?i chu k? s?c/x? h?ng ng?y v? c??ng ?? s? d?ng li?n t?c cho c?c t?c v? ?o nh?p tim quang h?c PPG, theo d?i gi?c ng?, ??nh v? GPS v? tinh ngo?i tr?i v? hi?n th? th?ng b?o, vi?n pin Apple Watch SE 2023 th??ng b?t ??u b??c v?o giai ?o?n l?o h?a h?a h?c sau 18 - 24 th?ng (t??ng ???ng 500 - 800 chu k? s?c). Khi pin chai d??i 80%, ng??i d?ng kh?ng ch? g?p phi?n to?i v? ph?i s?c 2-3 l?n m?i ng?y m? c?n ??i m?t v?i nh?ng nguy c? ph?n c?ng nguy hi?m: hi?n t??ng s?t ?p s?p ngu?n ??t ng?t (Voltage Sag) v? nguy c? pin ph?ng ??i bung m?n h?nh OLED Retina, c? th? l?m g?y v? m?t k?nh ho?c ??t c?p hi?n th? tr? gi? h?ng tri?u ??ng.

B?i vi?t n?y t?i s? ph?n t?ch chuy?n s?u cho b?n d??i g?c nh?n k? s? ph?n c?ng: t? c?u tr?c h?a h?c c?a cell pin, nguy?n l? t?ng n?i tr? ESR, k? thu?t b?c t?ch an to?n ch?ng ch?y n? Lithium, ?o d?ng r? t?nh tr?n b? ngu?n DC chuy?n d?ng, cho ??n quy tr?nh hi?u chu?n Calibrate dung l??ng 100% tr?n watchOS.

1. Th?ng S? K? Thu?t & C?u Tr?c Kh?i Pin Apple Watch Series SE 2023

Apple Watch Series SE 2023 ???c s?n xu?t v?i hai k?ch th??c khung v? 40mm v? 44mm, t??ng ?ng v?i hai kh?i pin c? th?ng s? k? thu?t v? dung l??ng kh?c nhau:

+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
|                  TH?NG S? K? THU?T KH?I PIN APPLE WATCH SE 2023 (SE 2)                  |
+----------------------+---------------------------------+--------------------------------+
| Ti?u ch? k? thu?t    | Phi?n b?n 40mm (Model A2914)    | Phi?n b?n 44mm (Model A2915)    |
+----------------------+---------------------------------+--------------------------------+
| ?i?n dung danh ??nh  | 245.7 mAh                       | 296.0 mAh                      |
| N?ng l??ng l?u tr?   | 0.944 Wh                        | 1.143 Wh                       |
| ?i?n ?p danh ??nh    | 3.85 V                          | 3.86 V                         |
| ?i?n ?p s?c t?i ?a   | 4.40 V (S?c kh?ng d?y t? t?nh)  | 4.40 V (S?c kh?ng d?y t? t?nh) |
| C?ng ngh? h?a h?c    | Lithium-ion Polymer (Li-Po)     | Lithium-ion Polymer (Li-Po)    |
| M?ch qu?n l? BMS     | T?ch h?p IC Gas Gauge + NTC     | T?ch h?p IC Gas Gauge + NTC    |
| Giao th?c giao ti?p  | I2C / HDQ Bus sang Apple S8 SiP | I2C / HDQ Bus sang Apple S8 SiP|
+----------------------+---------------------------------+--------------------------------+

+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------+
|                     S? ?? KH?I M?CH QU?N L? PIN (BMS MODULE)                 |
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------+
   Cell Pin Li-Po (C?c D??ng LiCoO2 <---> C?c ?m Graphite)
         |
         v
   [C?u Ch? Nhi?t & MOSFET B?o V? K?p]
         |
         +-----> [M?ch B?o V? Qu? ?p (OVP) > 4.45V]
         |
         +-----> [M?ch B?o V? Qu? D?ng (OCP) > 1.5A]
         |
         +-----> [M?ch B?o V? X? S?u (UVP) < 2.75V]
         |
         v
   [IC ?o ??m N?ng L??ng Gas Gauge + C?m Bi?n Nhi?t ?? NTC]
         |
         +=====> Giao ti?p ???ng truy?n I2C / HDQ (B?o % Pin & Nhi?t ??)
         |
         v
   [Socket FPC M? V?ng C?m V?o Bo M?ch Ch? Apple S8 SiP]

1.1. B?n Ch?t M?ch Qu?n L? N?ng L??ng BMS (Battery Management System)

M?i vi?n pin ch?nh h?ng c?a Apple Watch ??u t?ch h?p m?t bo m?ch BMS si?u nh? n?m ngay tr?n ??nh cell pin. Bo m?ch n?y ch?a:

• IC Gas Gauge (?o ??m dung l??ng): T?nh to?n li?n t?c l??ng ?i?n t?ch (Coulomb Counting) n?p v?o v? x? ra, ghi nh?n s? chu k? s?c (Cycle Count) v? t?nh tr?ng s?c kh?e pin (State of Health - SOH).
• C?m bi?n nhi?t ?i?n tr? NTC (Negative Temperature Coefficient): Gi?m s?t nhi?t ?? th?i gian th?c c?a cell pin trong qu? tr?nh s?c kh?ng d?y t? t?nh. N?u nhi?t ?? v??t qu? 45?C, BMS s? l?p t?c ng?t d?ng s?c ?? ng?n ch?n hi?n t??ng tho?t nhi?t (Thermal Runaway).
• M?ch ng?t MOSFET b?o v?: Ng?n ch?n tuy?t ??i t?nh tr?ng ?o?n m?ch, s?c qu? ?p (Over-Voltage) ho?c x? qu? s?u (Under-Voltage) l?m bi?n t?nh dung d?ch ?i?n ph?n.

2. C? Ch? L?o H?a H?a H?c & C?c Pan B?nh Nguy Hi?m Khi Pin Chai

Pin Lithium-ion kh?ng b?t t?. Sau m?t th?i gian ho?t ??ng, c?c ph?n ?ng h?a h?c th? c?p kh?ng th? ??o ng??c s? l?m suy gi?m c?u tr?c tinh th? c?a c?c ?i?n c?c.

Chu k? s?c/x? li?n t?c (500 - 800 cycles) + Nhi?t ?? s?c kh?ng d?y
         |
         +---------------------------------------+
         |                                       |
         v                                       v
[T?ng N?i Tr? Cell Pin ESR]            [Ph?n H?y Dung D?ch ?i?n Ph?n]
         |                                       |
         v                                       v
[Hi?n t??ng S?t ?p (Voltage Sag)]      [Sinh Kh? CO2, H2 - Ph?ng Pin]
         |                                       |
         +---> T? s?p ngu?n khi b?t GPS/PPG      +---> ??i bung v? m?n h?nh Retina OLED

2.1. Hi?n T??ng T?ng N?i Tr? (ESR - Equivalent Series Resistance) & S?t ?p (Voltage Sag)

Khi vi?n pin b? chai, l?p m?ng th? ??ng h?a SEI (Solid Electrolyte Interphase) tr?n ?i?n c?c ?m d?y l?n, l?m c?n tr? d?ng di chuy?n c?a c?c ion Lithium. ?i?u n?y l?m t?ng n?i tr? t??ng ???ng (ESR) c?a cell pin t? m?c chu?n $< 150 mΩ$ l?n t?i $> 600 mΩ - 1.2Ω$.

• Pan b?nh th?c t?: Khi ??ng h? ? tr?ng th?i ch? (Standby), d?ng ti?u th? ch? 1.5mA - 3mA, ?i?n ?p pin duy tr? ?n ??nh ? m?c 3.8V (b?o 40% pin). Tuy nhi?n, ngay khi ng??i d?ng nh?n cu?c g?i ??m tho?i loa ngo?i, ho?c b?t b?i t?p th? d?c ngo?i tr?i (k?ch ho?t ??ng th?i ch?p ??nh v? GPS v? tinh v? 4 c?m ??n LED xanh c?m bi?n ?o nh?p tim PPG), d?ng t?i ??nh v?t l?n 150mA - 250mA.
• Theo ??nh lu?t Ohm, ?? s?t ?p t?c th?i: $Δ V = I × ESR = 0.25A × 1.2Ω = 0.30V$.
• ?i?n ?p pin t?c th?i b? k?o t?t t? 3.8V xu?ng d??i ng??ng ng?t t?i thi?u 3.4V. M?ch ngu?n PMU l?p t?c k?ch ho?t l?nh ng?t kh?n c?p, khi?n Apple Watch b? s?p ngu?n t?i ?en m?n h?nh d? ??ng h? v?a b?o c?n 40% pin.

2.2. Hi?n T??ng Ph?ng Pin (Battery Swelling): "K? H?y Di?t M?n H?nh"

Khi pin b? chai qu? m?c ho?c ng??i d?ng c? th?i quen s?c qua ??m li?n t?c trong m?i tr??ng n?ng, dung d?ch ?i?n ph?n h?u c? b? ph?n h?y sinh ra c?c ch?t kh? hydrocarbon ($CO_2, CO, H_2, CH_4$).

• V? cell pin ???c b?c k?n trong l?p v? nh?m d?o (Pouch Cell), ?p su?t kh? t?ch t? b?n trong s? l?m vi?n pin tr??ng n? ph?ng to g?p 1.5 - 2 l?n k?ch th??c ban ??u.
• H?u qu? kh?n l??ng: Kh?ng gian b?n trong khung nh?m Apple Watch SE 2023 ch? c? dung sai kho?ng 0.3mm. Khi pin ph?ng l?n, n? s? t?o ra m?t l?c ??y c? h?c c?c m?nh t? b?n d??i, ??y b?t c?m m?n h?nh OLED Retina l?n kh?i khung vi?n. N?u kh?ng thay pin k?p th?i, ?p l?c n?y s? x? ??t c?p m?n h?nh ho?c l?m n?t v? t?m k?nh Ion-X, bi?n m?t ca thay pin ??n gi?n th?nh m?t ca s?a ch?a t?n k?m g?p nhi?u l?n.

3. Quy Tr?nh B?c T?ch & Thay Pin An To?n Ch?ng Ch?y N? Chu?n Ph?ng Lab VietITPro

B?c t?ch pin tr?n Apple Watch l? thao t?c k? thu?t ti?m ?n r?i ro cao n?u kh?ng n?m v?ng nguy?n l? an to?n h?a h?c Lithium.

+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
|               QUY TR?NH THAY PIN APPLE WATCH SE 2023 CHU?N PH?NG LAB               |
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| [B??c 1] Gia nhi?t r? keo m?n h?nh ? nhi?t ?? chu?n 75?C                          |
|       v                                                                            |
| [B??c 2] T?ch m?p m?n h?nh Retina OLED, m? g?c 45? & C?CH LY SOCKET PIN NGAY       |
|       v                                                                            |
| [B??c 3] Gia nhi?t ??y v? 70?C l?m m?m l?p keo d?n pin ??nh h?nh c?a Apple        |
|       v                                                                            |
| [B??c 4] D?ng dung d?ch r? keo h?u c? & Thanh n?y nh?a POM b?c t?ch cell pin       |
|       v  (C?M TUY?T ??I D?NG DAO / NH?P KIM LO?I CH?C TH?NG CELL PIN)              |
| [B??c 5] C?p ngu?n gi? l?p tr?n m?y DC Power Supply ?o d?ng r? t?nh Standby        |
|       v                                                                            |
| [B??c 6] L?p ??t pin Zin m?i 100%, d?n keo ??m t?n nhi?t & C? ??nh socket         |
|       v                                                                            |
| [B??c 7] D?n ron kh?ng n??c nhi?t ??c s?n & ?p khu?n ?p l?c cao 30 ph?t            |
|       v                                                                            |
| [B??c 8] Hi?u chu?n chu k? Calibrate pin & Test bu?ng ?p su?t ch?n kh?ng           |
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+

B??c 1 & 2: Th?o m? m?n h?nh & C?ch ly ?i?n ?p

• L?m m?m keo vi?n bezel b?ng b?n nhi?t 75?C, d?ng dao vi ph?u 0.05mm b?c t?ch m?p m?n h?nh.
• Th?o n?p s?t b?o v? v? ng?t k?t n?i socket pin ngay l?p t?c tr??c khi ch?m v?o b?t k? khu v?c n?o kh?c tr?n bo m?ch ch? SiP S8.

B??c 3 & 4: K? thu?t b?c t?ch cell pin c? an to?n tuy?t ??i

• ??y c?a vi?n pin ???c d?n ch?t v?o khung nh?m b?ng l?p keo d?n ?p l?c (Pressure-Sensitive Adhesive) c?c k? ch?c ch?n c?a Apple.
• K? s? ??t ??ng h? l?n b?n nhi?t ? m?c 70?C trong 2 ph?t ?? keo m?m ra, nh? 1-2 gi?t dung d?ch r? keo h?u c? chuy?n d?ng d?c theo khe h? gi?a pin v? khung nh?m.
• C?NH B?O S?NG C?N: Tuy?t ??i C?M d?ng nh?p nh?n, dao kim lo?i ho?c tu?c-n?-v?t ?? b?y pin. Ch? c?n ??u kim lo?i s?c nh?n ch?c th?ng l?p m?ng ph?n c?ch (Separator) d?y 12\,µm b?n trong cell pin, c?c ?m v? c?c d??ng s? ch?m ch?p ng?n m?ch tr?c ti?p. Nhi?t ?? t?c th? v?t l?n $> 600^°C$, g?y hi?n t??ng b?c ch?y n? d? d?i (Thermal Runaway) l?m bi?n d?ng khung v? v? ch?y r?i to?n b? bo m?ch ch?. K? s? VietITPro lu?n d?ng thanh n?y nh?a d?o POM (Polyoxymethylene) u?n cong nh? nh?ng lu?n xu?ng ??y ?? b?c t?ch vi?n pin nguy?n v?n.

5. ?o Ki?m D?ng Ti?u Th? Tr?n M?y C?p Ngu?n DC Chuy?n D?ng (Power Supply Diagnostic)

Tr??c khi ??ng pin m?i v?o m?y, m?t k? s? chuy?n nghi?p b?t bu?c ph?i th?c hi?n b??c ?o d?ng r? t?nh ?? lo?i tr? nguy c? m?y b? "?n ngu?n ng?m".

+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
|                  B?NG TH?NG S? D?NG ?I?N TI?U THU?N TR?N APPLE WATCH SE 2023            |
+----------------------+--------------------+--------------------+------------------------+
| Tr?ng th?i ho?t ??ng | D?ng ?i?n ti?u chu?n| D?ng ?i?n l?i (Pan)| ??nh gi? & K?t lu?n    |
+----------------------+--------------------+--------------------+------------------------+
| Ch? ?? ch? (Sleep)   | 1.0 mA - 2.5 mA    | > 15 mA - 45 mA    | R? t? ngu?n ng?m tr?n SiP|
| M?n h?nh s?ng (Idle) | 35 mA - 60 mA      | > 120 mA           | R? m?ch ??n n?n OLED   |
| B?t GPS + ?o nh?p tim| 120 mA - 180 mA    | > 300 mA           | L?i c?m bi?n quang h?c |
| Kh?i ??ng (Boot)     | 80 mA - 220 mA     | Treo c?ng ? 50 mA  | L?i Firmware / Treo T?o|
+----------------------+--------------------+--------------------+------------------------+

• K? s? s? d?ng c?p c?p ngu?n gi? l?p pin k?t n?i ??ng h? v?o m?y c?p ngu?n k? thu?t s? ?? ph?n gi?i 0.1mA (nh? Sugon / Korad Precision DC Power Supply) ? m?c ?i?n ?p chu?n 3.85V.
• N?u khi m?n h?nh t?t ho?n to?n (Sleep Mode), kim d?ng hi?n th? $< 2.5mA →$ Bo m?ch ch? SiP ho?n to?n b?nh th??ng, ti?n h?nh ??ng pin m?i.
• N?u d?ng r? duy tr? ? m?c $> 20mA →$ Bo m?ch ch? ?ang b? r? t? ngu?n g?m MLCC. N?u ch? thay pin m? kh?ng x? l? pan r? ngu?n n?y, vi?n pin m?i c?ng s? b? h?t c?n s?ch ch? sau v?i ti?ng d? kh?ng s? d?ng.

6. L?p Pin Ch?nh H?ng, T?i L?p Ron Ch?ng N??c & Hi?u Chu?n Pin (Calibration)

+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------+
|                QUY TR?NH HI?U CHU?N PIN (BATTERY CALIBRATION)               |
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------+
   L?p Pin M?i 100% (Chu?n Dung L??ng A2914 / A2915)
         |
         v
   [B??c 1: S?c li?n t?c 100% b?ng s?c zin v? ng?m th?m 2 gi?]
         |
         v
   [B??c 2: S? d?ng b?nh th??ng cho ??n khi m?y t? t?t ngu?n ? m?c 0%]
         |
         v
   [B??c 3: S?c l?i m?t m?ch t? 0% l?n 100% kh?ng ng?t qu?ng]
         |
         v
   ===> IC Gas Gauge tr?n BMS ??ng b? h?a ch?nh x?c dung l??ng 100%
   ===> T?nh tr?ng pin (Battery Health) tr?n watchOS hi?n th? 100% Maximum Capacity

• Linh ki?n Pin Zin 100%: Pin thay th? t?i VietITPro l? pin m?i nguy?n seal 100%, cell pin Lithium Coban Oxit m?t ?? cao, t?ch h?p ??y ?? m?ch BMS chu?n Apple v?i s? chu k? s?c (Cycle Count) = 0.
• T?i l?p ron kh?ng n??c: D?n ron cao su ??c nhi?t khu?n s?n, ?p n?n ?p l?c b?ng b? g? chuy?n d?ng v? ki?m tra qua m?y ?o ?p su?t ch?n kh?ng chu?n ISO 22810:2010.
• B?o h?nh d?i h?n: D?ch v? thay pin Apple Watch SE 2023 t?i VietITPro ???c b?o h?nh chu ??o, cam k?t ho?n ti?n 100% n?u kh?ch h?ng ph?t hi?n pin k?m ch?t l??ng ho?c s?t dung l??ng b?t th??ng.